which multiple choice answers are correct 1Now, of versifying there are two sorts, the one ancient, the other modern. The ancient marked the quantity of each syllable, and according to that framed his verse. The modern observing only number, with some regard of the accent, the chief life of it standeth in that like sounding of the words which we call rhyme. The above words from Sir Philip Sidney’s The Defence of Poesy express Sidney’s belief that: Group of answer choices a. Poetry, ancient or modern, is in the end just an exercise in rule-guided formal writing because it does not have the power to teach anything in the way history or philosophy conversely regularly do. b. In order for any poet’s value to be recognized, the poem must show a complete adherence to pre-existing rules and respect for ancient traditions. Hence, according to him, modern poets are not deserving to be considered real poets. c. The larger freedom that modern poets experience in writing their verses without paying attention to an exact number of syllables accounts for the fact that it is not rules that defines the poet but, rather, the poet’s ability to represent images of virtue or vice in order to offer some kind of teaching to the audience 2You should concede that Homer is a supreme poet and the original tragedian, but you should also recognize that the only poems we can admit into our community are hymns to the gods and eulogies of virtuous men. If you admit the entertaining Muse of lyric and epic poetry, then instead of law and the shared acceptance of reason as the best guide, the kings of your community will be pleasure and pain. Plato’s discussion of Homer as a literary author in his Republic is aimed at: Group of answer choices a.Warning his audience against the emotional base of poetry as responsible for stirring emotions in a way that is dangerous for society b. Praising great poets who can bring prestige and fame to the ideal society c.Teaching the difference between poets and kings as a way to generate a larger reflection on the difference between art and philosophy 3.To begin, then, with Shakespeare. He was the man who of all modern, and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were still present to him, and he drew them, not laboriously, but luckily; when he describes anything, you more than see it, you feel it too. John Dryden’s praise of Shakespeare in his Essay of Dramatic Poesy represents: Group of answer choices a.The rejection of entire traditions, genres, translations, or bodies of works in favor of privileging the works of a single individual author that deserves merit only if endowed with complete originality and genius. b.The embodiment of purely arbitrary and subjective criticism that operates only be means of what critics like or what they do not like without offering any explanation for their aesthetic judgments. c.The beginning of the figure of the modern critic who can clearly see the differences between ancient writers and his contemporary ones. The Renaissance literary theorist is no longer interested in literature as an abstract concept but in pursuing a practical, comparative, analytical study of different qualities in different authors. 4. Part of every tragedy is the complication, and part is the solution. The incidents outside the tragedy and often some of those inside it are the complication, and the rest is the solution. By “complication” I mean the tragedy from the beginning up to the final part from which there is a transformation towards good fortune or misfortune; by “solution,” the tragedy from the beginning of the transformation up to the end. The above passage from Poetics, reveals Aristotle’s conception of poetry as: Group of answer choices a.A form of art that, while producing valuable language-based models for our reality, will always be defective when compared to the only real world of transcendental ideas that lies beyond the visible b.An inspirational form of language art that talks about mysterious aspects of human existence, such as fate, destiny, and tragic events that cannot be properly studied or accounted for c.A craft that, while functioning as a universal source of knowledge, produces, however, in line with the Greek word poiesis (“to make”), actual concrete works that can be analyzed by studying their component parts and through differentiation and classification. So, whereas in every other science things are signified by words, this science has the property that the things signified by the words have themselves also a signification. Therefore that first signification whereby words signify things belongs to the first sense, the historical or the literal. That signification whereby things signified by words have themselves also a signification is called the spiritual sense, which is based on the literal, and presupposes it. The above passage from Summa Theologica contains Thomas Aquinas’ belief that, in interpreting the Sacred Scriptures, the reader should: Group of answer choices a.Bypass the first literal meaning of every word and go directly to the metaphorical meaning and enjoy the ambiguity and imprecision of the word of God as His word is always mysterious b.Accept that the Bible, just like poetry, is written in language and is therefore fundamentally deceptive c.Acknowledge that, while the Bible contains multiple meanings, such multiplicity does not lead to indeterminacy. We can focus on the literal meaning and search for recursive or extended metaphors (allegories) in the Bible in order to understand their spiritual teachings.