If you need to draw anything, consider drawing it and inserting a photo as your answer. All answers should be drawn from classroom lectures, no outside searching should be needed. Tests should be submitted as word or pdf documents. _____________ Explain the cross-communication that occurs between plants and bacteria in the development of root nodules. What does the plant get out of the symbiosis? What does the bacteria get? (15 points) Draw how the carbon cycle in the open ocean works and how that carbon can eventually be used to make a fish. Be as explicit as possible. 15 points 3A. Explain the rule that governs grazing. (3 pts) 3B. Why does this rule exist? (3 pts) Explain what “kill the winner” means, what viral life styles are meant in this phrase, and why bacteria can still exist even when viruses are around in the environment. (10pts) What is meant when we say a dinoflagellate is mixotrophic? (5 pts) Explain at least 4 different ways that bacteria can “play defense” versus viruses and grazers in the water column (5 pts) Compare and contrast Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, using at least 5 points (8 pts) What growth phase are most microbes typically in in an environment? What might force them into a different growth phase? What is the name for the type of energy they need to have when they aren’t growing? (5 pts) Why do methanogens and sulfate reducers compete? What exists that can avoid this competition? (10 pts) In the Carini et al. paper we read, what was discovered that may give us pause when examining microbial diversity in an environment? (10 pts) What conditions are needed to fix nitrogen? Name 2 locations where they can be found (2 pts) Some microbes need to access iron for their energy – what is this process called and how can a microbe interact in this process with an insoluble piece of iron? (6 pts) What was your favorite topic in this class? (3 pts) Due Monday 5/17/21 by 10am.