Project Summary: Q1. Argue why we prefer to have an operating system rather than to deal directly with the bare hardware when programming/using a computer. Q2. Give an account of the functional modules that are normally present in an operating system. Q3. State the time requirement in the cases: (1) A normal procedure call from an application program to one of its own procedures. (2) A system call to an operating system procedure using the trap instruction. (3) A system call using the message passing mechanism. Q4. Assume the operating system for a set of workstations provides a message-passing mechanism. Explain how one might implement a shared memory environment on top of the mechanism. Q5. The original IBM PC and its clones employed the Intel 8088/8086 microprocessor. This machine did not incorporate a mode bit for supervisor and user modes. Hence, any application program (written in assembly language) could load the segment registers any time it wishes. (a) Suppose an assembly language procedure is called from a C program and the procedure writes a new value into the stack segment register. What will happen when the procedure returns to the C program? (b) Suppose a procedure writes a new value into the code segment register. What will be the effect? no need for reference just self explanation