Project Summary: There are commentators who suggested that organizational change prior to the mid-late twentieth century was likely to be incremental and infrequent. However, by the latter part of the century, such change was likely to be significant and traumatic. The question is, why has this occurred? Some contend there is a preoccupation with second-order, transformational change without sufficient attention paid to the importance of first-order change. Considering this, respond to the following: • Describe the conditions where second-order change is necessary for an organization to survive. • Explain why first-order change may be insufficient—over the long term—as a method of change given the tumultuous, globally competitive environment. Provide examples to support your conclusions