Project Summary: The long essay would be a traditional essay that typically five paragraphs long. The first paragraph should introduce the topic and state the student's position / answer to the question. It should contain between four-five (4-5) complete sentences, including the thesis statement for the essay. The second, third, and fourth paragraphs are the body paragraphs. Each body paragraph should contain between four-five (4-5) sentences, including the topic sentence (first sentence of the body paragraph, states a main point that supports the thesis) and at least two-three (2-3) specific examples per main point. The fifth and final paragraph should begin with a restatement of the thesis. It should be four-five (4-5) complete sentences, and include a brief summary/conclusion of the student's answer to the essay question. It is essential, particularly in the survey courses, for students to provide cites and footnotes for their work in untimed exams. Citations must adhere to the APA, Chicago/Turabian or MLA Style format but perfection is not expected. Keep in mind you will answer four separate essay questions, making one choice from groups A-D. You will not see the next group of questions until you submit your answer for the first one. The traditional or 'long' essay would be a traditional essay that typically five paragraphs long. The first paragraph should introduce the topic and state the student's position / answer to the question. It should contain between three-five (3-5) complete sentences, including the thesis statement for the essay. The second, third, and fourth paragraphs are the body paragraphs. Each body paragraph should contain between three-five (3-5) sentences, including the topic sentence (first sentence of the body paragraph, states a main point that supports the thesis) and at least two-three (2-3) specific examples per main point. The fifth and final paragraph should begin with a restatement of the thesis. It should be three-five (3-5) complete sentences, and include a brief summary/conclusion of the student's answer to the essay question. It is essential, particularly in the survey courses, for students to provide cites and footnotes for their work in untimed exams. Citations must adhere to the Chicago Style format, but perfection is not expected. Your instructor realizes that Sakai does not allow perfect uploading of citations in the exam answer boxes. Please do your best to include the citations, but do not be as concerned with mechanical formatting issues for the purposes of this test. Please make certain that you verify that you have submitted ALL your questions. Do NOT wait until the last moment to submit your exam. Students MUST submit their exam before the end of the class to receive credit. Any exam that is NOT submitted before the deadline cannot be graded no matter what the issue was unless the student provides documentation to the Registrar, and they determine that an emergency course extension is appropriate to grant based on the documentation, allowing the final exam to be completed. FYI. Question 1 of 4 25.0 Points GROUP A: Choose ONE of the FOUR questions below, and write a complete essay that fully answers all portions of the question asked. Remember, this is NOT a short answer essay, but requires an introduction with an appropriate thesis statement, a body of evidence, and some type of conclusion. 1. Geography played a tremendous role in the development of tribal customs and daily life in the pre-Colombian period for native tribes. Compare and contrast two tribes who lived in different geographic areas with specific reference to how where they lived shaped their individual tribal experiences. 2. In what ways did the Colombian Exchange change life for native tribes in the New World? Consider political, economic, and demographic perspectives in your answer to receive full credit. 3. What role did peace congresses play in the development of tribal alliances? What was wampum, and what role did it play in these meetings? Chose one specific peace congress to illustrate your answer. 4. Compare and contrast the gender roles that shaped tribal life in the pre-contact period. Choose one tribe and use it to explain at least three significant differences between the duties/powers of male warriors and female squaws in the tribe you've chosen to examine. GROUP B: Choose ONE of the FOUR questions below, and write a complete essay that fully answers all portions of the question asked. Remember, this is NOT a short answer essay, but requires an introduction with an appropriate thesis statement, a body of evidence, and some type of conclusion. 1. What role did religion play in shaping the development of relationships between native tribes in the New World and European settlers from the Old World? Using one specific religion and native tribe, explain your answer in as much specific detail as you can. 2. Historians have said that the French differed in their empire's relationships with native tribes during the colonial period as compared to other European nations because they sought `a middle ground.` How accurate is this state? Explain your answer by giving at least three specific examples to support your analysis. 3. Compare and contrast the ways in which the Spanish empire treated native tribes during its colonization process with the English during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with a specific emphasis on political and religious issues. 4. What connection existed between expansion of European settlers into native lands and the outbreak of violent attacks between the two groups? Use a specific conflict between a native tribe and a group of European settlers to illustrate/explain your point. GROUP C: Choose ONE of the FOUR questions below, and write a complete essay that fully answers all portions of the question asked. Remember, this is NOT a short answer essay, but requires an introduction with an appropriate thesis statement, a body of evidence, and some type of conclusion. 1. What role did treaties play in the development of the relationship that the US government maintained with native tribes between 1783 and 1914? Choose one specific treaty, and explain how it specifically illustrates your points and about the relationship between the US government and the native tribes you're examining. 2. What effects did the policy of Indian Removal have on tribes in the United States between 1783 and 1900? Why? To receive full credit, your answer must refer to both relevant people AND court cases in your answer. 3. What was the Second Seminole War? What was Dade's Massacre, and what role did it have in igniting the war? Who were the major figures involved on the side of the US military and the Seminole warriors? Ultimately, who won the war, and why? 4. What was the Trail of Tears? Who was affected by the Trail of Tears, and how does it relate to the policy of Indian Removal. Describe what the experience was like for one traveling the trail. How did the effect the future of certain native tribes as they attempted to reestablish themselves in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)? GROUP D: Choose ONE of the FOUR questions below, and write a complete essay that fully answers all portions of the question asked. Remember, this is NOT a short answer essay, but requires an introduction with an appropriate thesis statement, a body of evidence, and some type of conclusion. 1. How did native tribes fight to maintain their culture distinctiveness at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century? How were these actions prompted by changes in reservation land use during the same period? What role did women particularly play in this process? Explain your answer. 2. Compare and contrast Tecumseh and Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce. How did these mean have similarities and differences in their opinion of how natives should interact with white settlers? 3. What was the Dawes Act, and how does it represent the ultimate effort by the US government to assimilate native tribes? What was the massacre of Wounded Knee, and how does this relate to the Dawes Act? Explain your answer. 4. In the twentieth century, native tribes play important roles in US conflicts abroad. Choose one specific war and native tribe to illustrate how the natives contributed a unique benefit to the US government that other nations and cultural groups did not possess.