Project Summary: Presentation of group of 3 people, I need you to do just my part which is 7 minutes because the presentation is about 20 minutes so each member needs to present about 7 minutes DO ONLY HASSAN PART. Guatemala Syphilis Experiment Introduction - Zahra What is the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment? Background information Lead by John Cutler from 1946 to 1948 [1][4] Design based on Terre Haute prison experiments [4] Explain goals of experiment/hypothesis Finding treatments for soldiers infected during WW2 [4] Finding preventative measures for STDs [2] Evaluating the effectiveness of medications vs. STDs [1][2] Explain the methodology Infection of sex workers [1][2] Injected through cervix [4] Sex with prisoners to expose them [4] Direct inoculation of soldiers/prisoners [1][2] Partial or non-treatment of the infected [1][3] Serology testing - some intentionally infected [4] Sample size of 5,128 - only about 820 were treated [4] Present the ethical issue(s)/considerations Largely unknown in US medical history until early 2000s [1][4] Use of vulnerable populations [1][3] Deception/Lack of informed consent [1][2][3] Articles/journals for - Hassan Discuss necessity of experiment Penicillin previously shown to be effective [2][3][4] Long term benefit needed evaluation [2][4] Prophylactic potential of orvus-mapharsen [2][4], calomel, silver proteinate [2] Benefits may outweigh ethical dilemma Over 1.5 million reported cases of chlamydia in 2015 [9] Cures and preventative measures are available Almost 400,000 new cases of gonorrhea in 2015 [8] Almost 24,000 new cases of syphilis in 2015 [9] If curative/preventative properties were confirmed, these STDs could potentially be wiped out Articles/journals against - Austin Explain informed consent/importance Define informed consent [5] Subjects not informed [1][2][3][4] Subjects used against their will [2] Explain issues with vulnerable populations Define vulnerable populations [6] Sex workers [1][2][3][4] Soldiers [1][2][3][4] Prison inmates [1][2][3][4] Psychiatric patients [1][2][3][4] Children [2][4] References (to be fixed later) https://www.hhs.gov/1946inoculationstudy/factsheet.html http://bioethics.gov/sites/default/files/Ethically-Impossible_PCSBI.pdf https://www.hhs.gov/1946inoculationstudy/findings.html https://www.britannica.com/event/Guatemala-syphilis-experiment https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/informed%20consent https://irb.unca.edu/vulnerable-populations https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/gonorrhea.htm https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/syphilis.htm https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats15/chlamydia.htm